Tratamiento de la acalasia en el hospital nacional de itaugua / Treatment of achalasia in the hospital nacional de itaugua

Antecedentes: La acalasia es el desorden motor primario del esófago, en el cual hay una relajación ineficiente del esfínter esofágico inferior con pérdida progresiva de la perístasis esofágica, como consecuencia de ambos mecanismos se produce dilatación gradual del esófago. La acalasia puede ser primaria (idiopática) y secundaria. La causa más común de acalasia secundaria es la enfermedad de Chagas. OBJETIVO: Analizar nuestra experiencia con los datos de pacientes diagnosticados y tratados de acalasia en el Servicio de Cirugía General del Hospital Nacional de Itaugua. Diseño: Observacional. MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: Pacientes diagnosticados de Acalasia en el Servicio de Cirugía General del Hospital Nacional de Itaugua entre enero de 2008 y diciembre de 2013. Todos los casos de acalasia diagnosticados de forma consecutiva en el período e institución antes señalados que pudieron ser intervenidos quirurgicamente. Se excluyeron los casos sin intervención quirurgica. Se consideró la edad, género; también nos interesó la presentación de los pacientes con anemia y el motivo de consulta con el cual se presentaron. CONCLUSIONES: La miotomía asociada a una funduplicatura parcial por laparoscopía, es una técnica segura y efectiva para el alivio de la disfagia en los pacientes con acalasia. En los dolicomegaesofagos de no existir contraindicación la esofagectomía debe ser evaluada.

BACKGROUND: Achalasia is a primary Motor disorder of the esophagus in which there is an inefficient lower esophageal sphincter relaxation with progressive loss of esophageal peristalsis, as a result of two mechanisms gradual dilation of the esophagus occurs. Achalasia can be primary (idiopathic) and secondary. The most common cause of secondary achalasia is Chagas disease. To analyze our experience with data from patients diagnosed and treated for achalasia in the Department of Surgery of the National Hospital of Itaugua. DESIGN: Observational. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Patients diagnosed with achalasia in General Surgery Itaugua National Hospital between January 2008 and December 2013 All cases of achalasia diagnosed consecutively in the mentioned period and institution that could be surgically operated. Cases without surgical intervention were excluded. Age, gender was considered; also interested us Patients presenting with anemia and the reason for consultation which were presented. CONCLUSIONS: myotomy associated with a partial laparoscopic fundoplication is safe and effective for the relief of dysphagia in patients with achalasia art. In the absence of contraindications dolicomegaesofagos esophagectomy should be evaluated.

Validação de metodologia analítica para determinação de taninos pelo método de difusão radial / Validation of the analytical methodology for the determination of tannins by radial diffusion method

A metodologia para doseamento de taninos através de difusão radial desenvolvido por Hagerman (1987) vem sendo utilizada em laboratórios de fitoterápicos devido, principalmente, à sua simplicidade de execução, rapidez e baixo custo; contudo, não há relato na literatura sobre a submissão desta metodologia a um estudo de validação. Baseando-se neste fato, o presente estudo visou validar a metodologia de Difusão Radial para o doseamento de taninos. Todos os parâmetros obrigatórios exigidos pela ANVISA foram avaliados. O método foi considerado linear e com alta sensibilidade de quantificação (27,72 µg/poço). Mostrou-se também robusto e com recuperação aceitável (85,96%). Os resultados obtidos para repetibilidade (intra-corrida) e precisão intermediária (inter-corridas), certificaram a precisão do método, obtendo-se valores entre 1,89 e 7,03%. Para a exatidão, valores entre 100,47 e 105,26% foram obtidos, os quais se encontram dentro dos limites preconizados pela ANVISA. O método foi considerado preciso, exato e reprodutível, além de ser de fácil execução e de baixo custo.

The method to determine tannins by radial diffusion developed by Hagerman (1987) has been explicitly used in herbal laboratories mainly because of its simplicity to implement, speed and low cost; yet, there are no reports in the literature on the submission of this method to a validation study. Based on this fact, this study sought to validate the method of Radial Diffusion in the tannin determination. All mandatory parameters required by ANVISA were evaluated. The method was considered linear and with high sensitivity quantitation (27.72 µg / well). It also showed robust and acceptable recovery (85.96%). The results obtained for repeatability (within-run) and intermediate precision (inter-run) certified the accuracy of the method, obtaining values between 1.89 and 7.03%. For accuracy, values between 100.47 and 105.26% were obtained, which is within the limits recommended by ANVISA. Thus, the method was considered as precise, accurate and reproducible, and is easy to perform and inexpensive.

Rarity of DNA sequence alterations in the promoter region of the human androgen receptor gene

The human androgen receptor (AR) gene promoter lies in a GC-rich region containing two principal sites of transcription initiation and a putative Sp1 protein-binding site, without typical "TATA" and "CAAT" boxes. It has been suggested that mutations within the 5'untranslated region (5'UTR) may contribute to the development of prostate cancer by changing the rates of gene transcription and/or translation. In order to investigate this question, the aim of the present study was to search for the presence of mutations or polymorphisms at the AR-5'UTR in 92 prostate cancer patients, where histological diagnosis of adenocarcinoma was established in specimens obtained from transurethral resection or after prostatectomy. The AR-5'UTR was amplified by PCR from genomic DNA samples of the patients and of 100 healthy male blood donors, included as controls. Conformation-sensitive gel electrophoresis was used for DNA sequence alteration screening. Only one band shift was detected in one individual from the blood donor group. Sequencing revealed a new single nucleotide deletion (T) in the most conserved portion of the promoter region at position +36 downstream from the transcription initiation site I. Although the effect of this specific mutation remains unknown, its rarity reveals the high degree of sequence conservation of the human androgen promoter region. Moreover, the absence of detectable variation within the critical 5'UTR in prostate cancer patients indicates a low probability of its involvement in prostate cancer etiology.

Helmintos e protozoários em fezes de javalis (Sus scrofa scrofa) criados em cativeiro / Helminths and protozoa in wild boars (Sus scrofa scrofa) feces raised in captivity

Faecal samples from 79 wild boars (Sus scrofa scrofa) were examined by sedimentation method, zinc sulfate flotation method, and centrifugal flotation in sugar solution for endoparasites research. The results showed that 97.5 por cento of the samples were positive for helminths and/or protozoa as follows: strongilides (70.9 por cento), Ascaris suum (46.9 por cento), Trichuris suis (29.1 por cento), Metastrongylus sp. (12.6 por cento), Strongyloides ransomi (3.8 por cento), Balantidium coli (38.0 por cento), Entamoeba spp. (15.2 por cento), Giardia spp. (1.3 por cento), Blastocystis sp. (12.6 por cento). The frequency of Entamoeba was higher in young animals. Coccidian oocysts were observed in 59.5 por cento samples and five species of Eimeria and one Isospora were recovered: Eimeria scabra (31.9 por cento), E. deblieck (31.9 por cento), E. perminuta (23.4 por cento), E. cerdonis (17.0 por cento), E. scrofae (12.8 por cento) and Isospora suis (12.8 por cento).

Ocorrência de babesiose canina no Município de Uberlândia, Minas Gerais / Incidence of canine babesiosis in Uberlândia, Minas Gerais

Babesia canis é um protozoário intraeritrocítico transmitido pelo carrapato Rhipicephalus sanguineus que acomete principalmente canídeos domésticos e silvestres, causando manifestações clínicas como anorexia, pirexia, hemoglobinúria, esplenomegalia, hemoglobinemia, anemia grave, podendo o animal recuperar-se lentamente ou morrer. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi determinar a ocorrência da doença em Uberlândia – MG e comparar os métodos de esfregaços sangüíneos de ponta de orelha e Reação de Imunofluorescência Indireta (RIFI) no diagnóstico desta enfermidade. Para realização deste trabalho, foram colhidos aleatoriamente soros de 143 cães atendidos no Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia para exame de RIFI enquanto que 772 esfregaços sangüíneos de ponta de orelha foram feitos e corados pelo Giemsa para a pesquisa do hemoparasito. Após a padronização da RIFI, considerou-se positivo soros com diluição igual ou superior a 1:20 e como negativos soros com diluição inferior a 1:20. Dos soros testados, através da RIFI, 51,74% estavam positivos e 48,26% negativos. Dos esfregaços sangüíneos 2,72% eram positivos para babesiose, 87,83% negativos e 9,45% positivos para outros hemoparasitos. Através do teste Qui-quadrado observou-se diferença significativa, em nível de significância 5%, entre os métodos comparados.

What can be Done to Improve Women's Health Region?

Women constitute a key link in the chain of development actions worldwide. For women to be able to fulfi ll their role in society; however; they need to be in a state of adequate physical; mental and social well-being. Unfortunately; the huge majority of African women are still unaware of their fundamental rights to health; education and life; and suffer from ill-health and sub-standard living condition. Global leaders; including African ministers of health; have adopted a number of resolutions to improve women's health. However; the health situation of women in Africa continues to be poor; with 57of women in the African Region lacking access to assistance by qualified staff during childbirth; one out of twenty-six women being at risk of dying from birth-related complications; to mention a couple of significant indicators. Given that the issues of women's health are complex; this paper calls for multisectoral and concerted action involving the public and private sectors; nongovernmental organizations; communities and families. For this; it proposes that countries set up a multidisciplinary technical team composed of experts in health; gender and human rights to identify priority interventions for eff ective scaling up and resource mobilization for women's health at national level. Among the ways forward proposed in the paper are scaling up women's health-related interventions; using the primary health care approach in line with the Ouagadougou Declaration to effectively deliver women's health interventions; strengthening the capacity of women; families and communities to prevent diseases; and empowering them economically to enable them to take appropriate decisions related to their health and sexuality

Mutations of androgen receptor gene in Brazilian patients with male pseudohermaphroditism

We describe the identification of point mutations in the androgen receptor gene in five Brazilian patients with female assignment and behavior. The eight exons of the gene were amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and analyzed for single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) to detect the mutations. Direct sequencing of the mutant PCR products demonstrated single transitions in three of these cases: G > A in case 1, within exon C, changing codon 615 from Arg to His; G > A in case 2, within exon E, changing codon 752 from Arg to Gln, and C > T in case 3, within exon B, but without amino acid change

Xenopsylla cheopis em cäes do Brasil: primeiro relato / Xenopsylla cheopis on dogs from Brazil: first report

For the first time, Xenopsylla cheopis (Rothschild) is recorded on dogs from Brazil, at the prevalence of 1.1 per cent in the city of Uberlândia, Minas Gerais State. Having in view the high occurrence of commensal rats in that municipality, as well as the opportunities for contact with domestic animals, this report should not be underestimated

Terapia fotodinâmica em hiperoxigenaçäo hiperbárica / Photodynamic therapy in hyperbaric hyperoxia

A Terapia Fotodinâmica (PDT) tem-se mostrado uma técnica seletiva promissora no tratamento do câncer. Após injeção intravenosa de um sensibilizador, que é retido por várias horas em células neoplásias, o tecido é irradiado por um laser, e devido a um mecanismo de transferência de energia não radiativa, agentes citotóxicos são produzidos, induzindo as células tumorais à morte. A técnica de hiperoxigenação hiperbárica (HBO) permite elevar o suprimento de oxigênio molecular, nos tecidos tumorais permitindo potencializar a PDT. Para avaliar o efeito combinado (PDT+HBO), desenvolvemos um modelo experimental que consiste na irradiação de tumores sólidos subcutâneos em dorso de ratos.

Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) have been demonstrated a very promising selectivity potential in cancer treatment. After an intravenous infusion of sensitizes, which is retained for severa! hours inside the neoplasic cells, the tissue is irradiated with a laser beam, and due a non-radiactive transfer mechanism, cytotoxic agents are produced, inducing death of the tumor cells. Hyperbaric hyperoxia (HBO) allows the tissues to achieve high supply of molecular oxygen. ln order to evaluate this combined effect of both therapies an experimental model was developed, creating a tumor mass in the dorsal subcutaneous tissue of rats.

Eimeria spp (Schneider, 1875) em bezerros do Município de Uberlândia, Minas Gerais / Eimeria spp (Schneider, 1875) in calves from Uberlandia, Brazil

Foram colhidas amostras de fezes de 117 bezerros, de 15 a 180 dias de idade, para identificaçäo das espécies de Eimeria, que ocorrem em Uberlândia, MG. Cinquenta e cinco animais (47 por cento) apresentaram oocistos nas fezes e nove espécies de Eimeria foram identificadas. Destas somente E. alabamensis näo havia sido econtradas pelos autores nacionais

Distribuiçäo geográfica e freqüência da gasterofilose em equídeos abatidos em Araguari, Minas Gerais / Geographic distribution and frequency of gasterophilosis in slaughtered horses of Araguari, Minas Gerais

Em um estudo feito no Frigorífico FAVA S/A, Araguari, Minas Gerais, verificou-se que de 14.162 eqüídeos abatidos, procedentes de 9 estados brasileiros, no período compreendido entre 14 de maio de 1987 a 10 de maio de 1988, 31,49//achavam-se positivos para larvas de moscas do gênero Gasterophilus. Durante este período foram encontrados animais positivos procedentes de 7 estados: Mato Grosso do Sul (85,71//); Säo Paulo (75,95//); Paraná (65,61//); Goiás (44,02//); Mato Grosso ($2,03//); Minas Gerais (14,03//) e Pará (8,33//), enquanto animais negativos procederam de 2 estados: Espírito Santo e Rio de Janeiro. Foram estudados 226 municípios nesses estados e 77,43//desses apresentaram eqüídeos positivos para gasterofilose. A espécie identificada foi a G. nasalis